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Write an introduction to an informative and factual blog post titled "The Differences Between Male and Female Sex Hormones". Men produce more testosterone than women. What is it doing for them? Is the gender difference in sex hormones important or significant? Research has shown that testosterone helps men become taller, stronger, more aggressive, and less likely to suffer from depression. It also increases their risk of heart disease. On the other hand, women produce higher levels of estrogen than men do, which may help keep them feeling more energetic but also increases their risk of developing breast cancer. While testosterone is present in both sexes, women's levels of estrogen are higher than men's levels of testosterone. In fact, this difference between the sexes is so large that researchers can use a "typical woman" as a biological male to recreate the male hormonal profile. Level of testosterone is also affected by diet and exercise—men who don't meet their recommended intake have been shown to lose muscle mass. Women produce less testosterone than men do. However, estrogen levels in women are higher than those in men. These hormones may directly affect the behaviors and well-being of men and women differently. In 1997, a team from the University of Rhode Island studied how estrogen affects aggression in rats. In the experiment, the scientists removed the ovaries from female rats and placed them in a group with male rats. The female rats with their ovaries removed were unable to produce estrogen, and as a result they acted much less aggressively towards the male rats compared to those that had not been castrated. This suggests that estrogen levels influence a woman’s level of aggression. Another study conducted by researchers at Israel’s Weizmann Institute of Science demonstrated that testosterone can have an aggressive effect on behavior as well. Testosterone in rats decreased when subjects were put in the presence of challenges. The researchers concluded that testosterone may be responsible for initiating behaviors in rats. Testosterone levels are also affected by exercise, diet, and medications. Low levels of testosterone have been linked to depression, but high levels result in increased aggression in men. One study at the University of Minnesota showed that women who take birth control pills experience an increase in aggression when compared to women who are not on birth control pills. These findings indicate that estrogen has a role to play in aggression among both men and women. Women who report higher levels of aggression show higher levels of testosterone than other women. These findings indicate that testosterone is directly related to aggression in women. A 2012 study examined the relationships between testosterone and anxiety for men and women. The researchers found that women who had higher levels of anxiety experienced lower levels of testosterone while men with higher levels of anxiety experienced higher levels of testosterone. This suggests that increased stress can increase or decrease hormone levels in both genders. Older people who receive testosterone injections experience lower levels of depression than non-testosterone-treated older people. cfa1e77820
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